Meet Karl von Miltitz: An Attempt to Silence Luther

Karl Von Miltitz, a lesser Saxon noble, served in the Roman Curia during the lifetime of Martin Luther. He served in a number of minor roles, such as Chamberlin and Papal Secretary and would normally escape our notice — if Pope Leo X hadn’t decided to appoint him a Nuncio (Ambassador) to Elector Frederick the Wise. His visit was a part of the Pope’s extended diplomatic campaign to convince Luther to renounce all he had taught about indulgences and papal authority or have him brought to Rome for trial. He needed to do this carefully since he would wanted Frederick to oppose the election of King Charles of Spain as the next Holy Roman Emperor. He hoped Miltitz’s family connections would make him more acceptable to the prince.

Miltitz returned to Germany Five Hundred Years ago in December of 1518 and January of 1519. He brought with him the Papal Golden Rose of Virtue — a coveted award given on occasion by the Pope to a prince he wished to honor. If Frederick were to hand over Luther to the Chamberlin, then Pope Leo would award the rose to Frederick. The Elector showed no signs of being impressed by this honor.

Between the time Cardinal Cajetan had finished his encounter with Luther and the arrival of Miltitz, the Elector had stated his position in terms provided by Luther himself. The Cardinal had not stated where Luther was in error and would have to do this at least if Luther were to be surrendered to him. Frederick had cause to believe Luther would not be given a fair trial in Rome and requested neutral German parties try him on German soil. Until Luther was proven a heretic before German scholars, the Elector would keep the monk in Saxony.

On his way to Saxony, learned how strong German sympathies were for Luther. So Miltitz let it be known he was irritated with Luther’s opponents, disgusted with Tetzel and that he was willing to find a middle ground between Rome and Luther. From January 4th to January 6th, Miltitz met with Luther in Altenburg. They agreed to a proposal that both sides no longer write about indulgences. Miltitz would ask the pope himself to transfer Luther’s case to a German Bishop, who would tell Luther what he needed to recant. Miltitz took his leave of Luther. The reformer was safe — for the moment.