The Prayer of the Church is the last item for the Service of the Word before the Service of the sacrament begins. Formalized prayers are referenced often in the writings of 2nd (100s) and 3rd (200s) century Christians. But, we don’t see examples until 4th (300s) century, AD.
The prayers appear suddenly in the historic record. Like the fossil explosion, the prayers appear en mas all over the Christian world, sharing common forms. These prayers were much longer in the ancient church than we find today.
These prayers shared some common features. First, prayer addresses God by name and identifies His attributes and worthiness of our prayer and we beg for His mercy. Then, we petition the Lord concerning our needs on Earth. The sequence of our needs goes from great to small: The Church, our government, and ourselves.
Each of these uses a great to small sequence as well. For the church, we pray for the whole church on earth, our synod, our district, our circuit, and our own congregation. For our nations, we pray for Earth, our nation, our state, our county, and other subdivisions. These divisions encourage our prayers to be as brief or as lengthy as we want them to be.
Getting back to the question, we pray for the church first because the kingdom of God is over the kingdoms of this world. Our citizenship in the heavenly kingdom calls for us to submit to God before Caesar. In the same way, we pray for His church before the fiefdoms of kings, princes, or constitutions. These governments are gifts to us from God, but they are also subject to Him.
Rev. Jason M. Kaspar Mt. Calvary Lutheran Church & Preschool La Grange, TX
Encore Post: Christians are a confessing people. That should not surprise anyone. After all, Jesus told us we would be his witnesses in every part of the world. He directed us to make disciples from every people, going to them, baptizing them and teaching them everything he taught us. (Matthew 28:16-20)
From the very beginning, Christians have spoken together short summaries of what they believed. Several of these are in the New Testament itself. The most important is the sentence, “Jesus Christ is Lord.”
The Jewish people did not speak the name of God — Yahweh. Instead, they said, “my Lord.” When Christians confessed that Jesus was Lord, they were implying he is God. When they called Jesus Lord, the were echoing the Christmas angel, who told the shepherds he was “a savior, who is Christ the Lord.” (Luke 2:11) When Christians call Jesus Lord, they do so by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. (1 Corinthians 12:3) When we confess Jesus as Lord, we do what all people will confess on the Last Day. (Philippians 2:10-11)
As Roman persecutors were to discover, this confession was so precious to Christians, that they would rather die than call anyone else Lord. When called upon to burn incense on an altar dedicated to Caesar as a god, saying Caesar is Lord, they refused. They counted it a blessing to suffer and die as a martyr — a witness for their Lord.
Over the two years since he posted the Ninety-Five Theses, Luther frequently preached and wrote about the sacraments, especially Penance, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper. The engagement with theological opponents and the encouragement of friends and admirers drove him to study the scriptures to determine what the sacraments were and what God had to say about them. Gradually he began to see that the church had drifted away from the Biblical understanding of the sacraments as gifts that offer grace. Once bull Exsurge Domine was published against him, Luther felt free both to address his opponents and to fully explore the nature of the sacraments according to the Scriptures.
At the time of the Reformation, the Church in the West saw salvation as a balancing act. They believed that when a person sins, he or she adds to the debt of guilt which must be paid if he is to enter God’s presence. When a person receives a sacrament or does a good work, it pays off some of that guilt. If a person sins with some of that guilt left to be paid, he or she must go first to purgatory to pay it off. If a person died with more grace than sins, the merit goes into the treasury of the saints, which the church can give to people through indulgences. The chief means by which grace is given to believers is through sacraments (Latin for “holy things”) which Christ entrusted to the priests of the Church. So, through the seven sacraments, the Church had control over the everyday life of believers. In The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Luther destroys the whole system.
Luther began work on the Babylonian Captivity in August and completed it on October 6th, 1520, five hundred years ago. It came off the press on October 8th. In it Luther defines a sacrament as God’s Word combined with a physical element, by which God gives his grace and promises the forgiveness of sins, life and salvation. Using this definition, he argues there are two, maybe three sacraments, which we call: baptism, confession and absolution and the Lord’s Supper. A Christian who believes the promises of God’s word in the sacrament, receives what its promises. The power, then, resides in God’s word, not in the priest offering it or the work of performing the rite.
The impact of this work was felt immediately. Humanists distanced themselves from Luther. Others were moved by the clear, simple and Biblical presentation to join the Reformation movement. The outlines of Lutheran theology were now in place and the breach with Rome unrepairable.
Dear saints, this morning’s Gospel text contains two of the four events that occur at a Sabbath dinner and a ruling Pharisee’s house. Though we are not explicitly told everything he does this day, Jesus would have begun his Sabbath like he begins every Sabbath: by attending a service at the Temple or the Synagogue. Afterward, he is invited to a dinner and accepts the invitation, even though he surely knows the invitation is intended to trap him.
Our Lord arrives and is being watched carefully. The religious leaders are hoping that he does something they can accuse him of breaking the Law for. And behold, there was a man there with dropsy. We are not told if he was there to trap Jesus or if he showed up hoping that Jesus would heal him. Today the man’s affliction is more commonly called edema. His body was holding water. He may have been suffering from congestive heart disease. His body would enlarge; he would gain weight. He would be seen as cursed or as having committed some sin to warrant such punishment. And while we have drugs to alleviate the condition today, there was no man-made cure or relief at the time.
Jesus sees the man and loves the man. He intends to heal him, but first tests those invited to the dinner. “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath, or not?” Those present remain silent. Perhaps because they are unsure if Jesus means according to the Mosaic Law or the rabbinical law. The answer would be different. As they remain silent, Jesus takes the man and heals him of his disease.
But before any of them object and claim the Lord has broken the Sabbath, he poses another question: “Which of you, having a son or an ox that has fallen into a well on a Sabbath day, will not immediately pull him out?” Our lesson says they could not reply to him. They were silenced because Jesus has just made their hypocrisy clear. Of course, they would pull out their son. None would be willing to lose an animal. They would rescue man or beast and call it justified work. Nor would they rebuke the priest serving, that is, working in the Temple on the Sabbath as breaking it.
This reminds me of when Jesus says, “The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath.” The Sabbath is a day of rest rather than a day of burden. It was given to us that we would rest, relax, and worship. That we would be filled with the Word of God and receive his gifts. It was so we would receive mercy and compassion. Like a man with dropsy or who had fallen into a well.
You and I are those who need mercy. Our condition is worse than a man with dropsy or in a pit. And God is kind to you. He is merciful to you. He provides for you and grants a place to gather and receive all your spiritual needs.
This we consider as we look at the other half of our lesson. Jesus heals the man and silences the others invited. Those who invited pretend to keep the Sabbath by attending worship, but then work to trap Jesus. They worship God with their lips, but their hearts are far from them. But Jesus still does, knowing they are trying to trap him. He loves them enough to come into a hostile house for dinner. He silences them and observes how they seat themselves. How they honor themselves and promote themselves by choosing the choice spots. Thus, we have our parable. Jesus says that, when invited to a wedding feast, you should choose the lowest seat rather than the highest. Rather than assuming you are a distinguished guest and being wrong, you should assume you are not so you will be lifted up.
This is not advice. This parable is mocking the Pharisees. They were so covetous of honor, Jesus was effectively telling them: “Since you want honor so much, don’t do something that would dishonor you. Instead, feign humility so you will be seen and lifted up to the place of honor you so desperately seek.”
But the parable hits us as well. Who of us does not want to be recognized? Does not want to be honored? Sure, we know not to sit at the bridal party’s table. But we are tempted to seek glory in honor in other places. And to feign humility hoping that we are exalted is still evil.
While it is important for us not to be prideful, that is not the point being made in this parable. The point is the One who should take the highest spot at the first table has been humbled. He has been taken from his seat of glory, taking on our flesh, and was born of the virgin. He walked under his Law. He was rejected by his own. He was crucified like the worst of criminals were.
And the reason was so that you, who are not even worthy of the least of seats, would be lifted up. That you, who deserve nothing but evil and condemnation, would be forgiven, cleansed, and saved. That you would be made worthy to sit at the table in the Wedding Feast.
Jesus goes to the Sabbath dinner because he has come even for those who oppose him. He goes to show them what mercy looks like. What humbleness looks like. He perfectly keeps the Sabbath day and shows mercy at the same time. He demonstrates true humility. Jesus does what the religious leaders did not and refused to do.
Having taken the lowest seat, the Lord Jesus has now taken the highest seat through his death, burial, and resurrection. And in doing so, he invites all who are humble of heart to his own Wedding Feast. All who repent and believe in his sacrifice are called to it. This sacrifice is applied to you by water and the Word. Through the Body and Blood of the sacrificed Lamb. You are no ox; you are the beloved of God.
But your invitation to this Feast is not as a guest. Rather, you are elevated as Jesus’ holy and pure bride and he gives you the seat of honor. He has healed your own case of dropsy. He has healed your soul and softened your heart. He works in you and through you. You are given the ability and desire to love and serve Him and your neighbor. He prepares your feast. Your Bridegroom and Lord has had mercy. Amen.
Rev. Brent Keller Peace Lutheran Church Alcester, SD
Encore Post: 1600 years ago, a respected, old monk lived in a cave in Bethlehem said to be the birthplace of Jesus. We know him as Saint Jerome, the father of translation, one of the greatest scholars of church history, standing only in the shadow of his contemporary, St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. We give thanks for him and all translators on September 30. In medieval times, the church assigned him to the role of patron saint of libraries. His symbol in Christian art is the lion, after the legend that he pulled a thorn out of the paw of a lion cub, who followed him the rest of his life. A large version of the classical painting of him in his study hangs opposite my desk in the Walther Building of the Wayne and Barbara Kroemer Library Complex.
Jerome is said to have written the latin pun: translatio traditio est. It means both: “Translation is Tradition” and “Translation is Treason.” It captures perfectly the two forces that pull at faithful translators. You can either perfectly rewrite the meaning of the text in the new language or reproduce each word with the one or two words in the new language that are closest to the original. If you do the first, the result is more a commentary — what the scholar believes from his or her theological viewpoint. If you do the second, people reading the translation have a very hard time understanding what it means.
Most translations lean towards one or the other, but try to do both. If they succeed — like St. Jerome’s Vulgate, Luther’s German Bible and the King James Version — generations will come to love the language of these version and at the same time hear God’s Word. It passes down the faith to the next generation. When they do not, it distorts God’s word at best and betrays it at worst. So, translation is both tradition and treason. For those of us who speak English, we are blessed with dozens of translations. Taken together, they open to us the treasures of Holy Scripture. For this reason, we thank God for Jerome — and all translators!
Dear saints, apart from the youngest among us today, we all know what it is like to lose someone near and dear. Some know it more than others. Fewer still know what it is to lose a child. Whatever we have or have not lost, we can all empathize with the widow women in our Old Testament and Gospel lessons this morning.
We first hear of the woman in Zarephath. She was introduced last week when Elijah encounters her gathering sticks to make a final fire and final loaf of bread for her and her son. There was a severe famine, and she was preparing their final meal. But Elijah tells her that her flour will not be spent; her oil will not run out until the rain again falls to the earth. After some time, her son falls ill and dies. She is angry at Elijah and accuses him of causing her son’s death.
Elijah takes the boy and cries out to God saying, “O Lord my God, let this child’s life come into him again.” He does this three times. On the third, the Lord answers Elijah’s prayers and restores the child’s life to him. The boy is brought back to his mother and she replies, “Now I know that you are a man of God, and that the word of the Lord in your mouth is truth.”
St. Luke reports that the only son of a widow had died. We only know he was a young man and had left his mother a childless widow. Such a report is tragic in our day, but in ancient times, it was especially burdensome on these women. It is no wonder there was a large crowd accompanying her outside the city gate to bury her son.
But before they can fulfill the task, they encounter Jesus and the crowds following him. Inexplicably to the funeral party, Jesus stops the procession. He tells the woman to end her weeping. And in what must have been a confusing moment for all, he touches the bier of the young man saying, “Young man, I say to you, arise.” And he does. He sits up and speaks. We are not told, but I would imagine his mother might just be weeping tears of joy as our Lord gives her back her son.
The reaction of the people is not surprising. Fear seizes them and their response is to glorify God. They realize that Jesus acts with the power of God, but it does not seem that they realize that he is their God. Nonetheless, this miracle at Nain is reported in the region and the fame of Jesus expands.
These two miracles are gracious gifts to the women who receive them. Not only are their sons given back to them, but a desperate life as a childless widow is also spared. The graciousness of God is seen in not only the restoration of life but the comfort of these women’s physical affliction.
But what I want to focus on for the rest of our time this morning is how these young men are raised. Elijah lays on the boy and cries out to God. He cries out three times that God would give the boy life. And the boy’s mother tells Elijah she now knows he is a man of God and the words of the Lord are in his mouth. On the other hand, Jesus touches the bier simply commands the young man to rise. The crowd reacts by praising God. And rightly so! But then simply regards Jesus as a great prophet.
I can think of three other accounts of the dead being raised in the Old Testament: Elisha raises the Shunammite’s son by praying to the Lord. A dead man is hastily thrown in Elisha’s tomb and is raised by touching his bones. A valley of dry bones is raised when Ezekiel prophesies over them according to the word of God. In these accounts, the dead are raised not by the man, but by the power of God.
But that is not the case here. There is no petition to God to have mercy. No prayer or request for the miracle. Jesus uses his own power because he is the God Elijah, Elisha, and Ezekiel called upon. “Whoever can awaken a dead person by his own power must be the true God and eternal life himself.” [CFW Walther]
And this is a great comfort to Christians. For how great the power of the one for whom the might of death is weak and impotent. Our world is in turmoil. Christians feel pressure from all corners. There is surely some who fear that the enemies of the Lord and his church might prevail. But we should not have such worry. For Christ has protected his Bride and has promised that the gates of Hell shall not prevail. No matter what trials may come, he will rescue his people and restore us. He will cause his enemies to stumble.
But if you find yourself worried, return to Nain. Remember how the Lord plunders death and then rejoice that we have such a great and gracious Savior. A Savior who speaks and has it done, who commands and sees it stand fast. So, if you find yourself gripped by sin, if you lack comfort as you feel the iniquity you have done, return to Nain and find comfort. He who conquers, even reverses death, is also the Lord over sin. For death is the payment of sin and sin is the sting of death. So, hold fast to Jesus Christ, for in him you will find forgiveness of all your sins. In him, you find victory over all the foes of your soul. In him, you have grace, life, and salvation.
Those frightened of death; those who weep at the grave of your loved ones: hurry to Nain. The Lord Christ, who turned those tears of sorrow into tears of joy will also dry your tears. So miraculous is the power of Jesus that, like the widow who again embraced her son, you will also someday embrace your loved one who died in the faith. Morning comes when Christ says to all of his own, in a new heaven and on a new earth, “Weep not! I have ended all sorrow. I have conquered for you. Therefore, rejoice with me. You shall have no more separation; no more departure.”
Our Lord says, “Young man, I say to you, arise.” If worries about your final hours fill your mind, take heart. At those words, death departed, and life returned. So also has Christ destroyed your death and brought you life and immortality. Your Savior watches over you, so fall asleep in peace. Someday you will awaken. And on that day, there will be no more death, for the first death, so dreaded in our world, will be forever gone. Amen.
Rev. Brent Keller Peace Lutheran Church Alcester, SD
Samson’s mother was unable to have children until God came to visit her and her husband Manoah. He came in the form of the Angel of the Lord. (Many Christians believe this messenger is the Son of God appearing to people. The Angel always speaks as if He is God. Yet the people who see Him do not die, as unholy people do when they see God) God promised she would have a son. He was to be a Nazirite, a man who never cut his hair or drank wine. These were signs that Samson was to be fully dedicated to God.
Samson was the second-last judge of Israel, one of the leaders God raised up to defeat their enemies. He was from the tribe of Dan and lived in their southern territory near Jerusalem and bordering Philistine cities. The Philistines were moving into their territory peacefully and inter-marrying with God’s people, threatening to absorb them. God would use Samson’s disobedient nature to provoke conflict with the Philistines and lead to eventually defeating them.
God gave Samson miraculous strength. He would use it to defeat wild beasts and repeatedly to kill Philistines. He desired a Philistine woman for his wife. During the wedding, he made a bet with some Philistines, who cheated to win the bet. Samson killed thirty Philistines to repay the bet. This escalated into one reprisal after another.
Samson’s downfall came when he fell in love with another gentile woman, Delilah. The Philistines bribed her to try and learn the secret of his strength so they could defeat him. Three times he lied to her and defeated the Philistines who came for him. The fourth time he told her it was in his hair, which by his Nazirite vow, he was to keep uncut. This time his strength left him. In captivity, when his hair regrew, he prayed that he would have his strength back to defeat Philistines one more time. God granted it, and Samson pulled down the pillars of the temple of the Philistine god, killing them and himself.
Samson isn’t the kind of role model that we want to have our children follow. He was violent, mean and vindictive. He was the kind of man you didn’t cross. Samson, in spite of his sinfulness, relied on God for his strength. For this reason, God used him to defeat the Philistines. Even after Samson’s vow was broken, Samson remembered to turn to God for strength.
Encore Post: So, you want to study God’s word, but you’re kind of afraid to do so. You remember all those “begats” and difficult words, long, boring lists of names and places you only half understand. It doesn’t help that you haven’t much cracked the book open since college or even confirmation class. Then the pastor pours on the good old Lutheran guilt. So… you go to the store and see rows and rows of Bibles of all sizes, shapes, colors, translations and types. Makes you think you really can’t do it, doesn’t it?
Well, you’re not alone. Many people find it hard to approach the Bible, even though they know it is good for them. There are lots of barriers to understanding the Scriptures. But there also is much that even the smallest child can understand. After all, God knows you and knows you need help. That is why he takes the initiative and spoke to us though first prophets, and then, in these last days, though his Son.(Hebrews 1:1-2) God’s nature is impossible for us to understand in the end, but a man — just like us — now that we can understand.
One classic analogy tells us the Bible is like an ocean. At the shore, it is shallow and inviting, a place even a toddler can enjoy. Yet it is so deep and challenging that the most experienced diver cannot exhaust its mysteries. The great fathers and theologians have spent a lifetime exploring it, and yet always found more to challenge them.
So, don’t be afraid of it. Wade in — the water is fine! To help you find your way, we’ll explore some rules you can use and strategies you can take to learn much. You may be pleased to discover that most of them are common sense.
After the bull Exsurge Domine was formalized in Rome, Pope Leo X appointed Johann Eck and Aleander as Nuncios to proclaim the bull in Germany. Eck was reluctant to do this with good reason — he himself was very controversial in Germany and it hurt the credibility of the bull to have him put it into effect. Aleander was a respected humanist and given the task to deliver the bull to the emperor, Frederick the Wise and other rulers. Eck went first to his parishes in Ingolstadt, where he had the bull printed. He had no difficulty issuing it where the Pope’s loyal supporters were in power. In Mainz, Cologne, and Louvain, it was proclaimed and Luther’s books burned. That was where his good fortune ended.
In Northern Germany, the bull was greeted with hostility. It was posted in Meissen five hundred years ago on September 21, in Merceburg on 25 September and in Brandenburg on 29 September. Eck remained in Leipzig until 3 October. Not risking entering Wittenberg or Electoral Saxony personally, he sent copies to the University of Wittenberg in the hands of militiamen. Although Duke Georger favored the bull, the people reacted angrily, vandalizing the proclamation, circulating pamphlets against him and sending him death threats. He had to stay in the Dominican monastery for protection. Students from Wittenberg engaged in these and other violent activities against him. On October 4, Eck returned to Ingolstadt.
Bishops, rulers and universities by and large stalled, made excuses and attempted to dodge proclaiming it.
Encore Post: You are a good Lutheran. Really! You are a committed Christian. You go to church every Sunday, give 10% of your income to church and care for anyone in need you meet. You study the scriptures, go to Bible Study and serve in one church position after another. You even read this blog every time we post! So, when you get sick, when you are in an accident, when a flood or tornado hits your home, you cry out to God, “It isn’t fair!” And you are right — but in a way you do not expect.
When we try to be fair to others, we’re trying to do a number of things. To be fair, we strive to treat everyone the same. We try to be consistent, acting the same way every time. We give people what the rules say they deserve — no more or no less. Yet we cannot know all the factors that should influence our decision. We are, after all, human. We expect better from God.
The Scriptures tell us that God is just, righteous and even-handed. And he is God expects us to be holy in thought, word and deed. He shows no partiality.
